Challenger Disaster Essays - Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster

Challenger Disaster Essays - Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Challenger Disaster The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster was a preventable catastrophe that NASA attempted to conceal by considering it a puzzling mishap. Notwithstanding, two men had the boldness to carry the genuine story to the eyes of people in general and it is to Richard Cook and Roger Boisjoly to whom we are appreciative. Numerous exercises can be gained from this debacle to help forestall further fiascos and to enhance associations morals. One of the many key points behind the Challenger debacle is the authoritative culture. One of the parts of an authoritative culture is the recognizable culture of an association that is the thing that one sees and hears when strolling around an association. There are four sections to the detectable culture, stories, saints, ceremonies and customs and images. The first is stories, which is stories told among an associations individuals. In the Challenger Space Shuttle occurrence there were predominantly four associations put together to frame one, Morton Thiokol, Marshall Space Flight Center, Johnson Space Center and NASA Headquarters. These associations had a similar kind of stories to be told. At Morton Thiokol, they discussed their item and their serious deal, which they got from NASA. At NASA, its individuals retold accounts of the past space missions and being the main individuals to have arrived on the moon. Second are their saints. At Morton Thiokol, their legends may have been the authors of the association or its top officials like Charles Locke or Jerry Mason. At NASA, their saints may have been Neil Armstrong, staff or any individuals from the association. These individuals that were picked to be legends set the principles for that association and acted for others to follow. Third are the ceremonies and customs those individuals from an association direct. Since both of these associations cooperate to accomplish a similar objective, a custom for the association is the festival after each fruitful dispatch and arriving of a space transport. A custom or ceremonial shows a since of gathering solidarity and companionship among the associations individuals. At last there are images that the association utilizes, which has may help an exceptional significance through its correspondence. Images in these associations are significant on the grounds that with these associations profession, images could mean the distinction among life and passing. For instance, in the space transport there are various images on their controls. On the off chance that a crisis light goes on they should know these images so as to fix the issue or prematurely end the bus. These four viewpoints are focused on the associations center culture. An associations center culture is the convictions about the correct approaches to carry on. When Thiokol and NASA previously began to anticipate Challengers strategic, was a piece of their center culture, which at last caused the Challenger debacle. To an eyewitness at both of these associations managing the Challenger strategic that everything was great and exactly on time. The top officials in these associations advised their representatives to be very and go about as though everything was fine. They did this with the goal that the media and the individuals of the United States would accept and have incredible esteem for NASA. The Challenger was distinctive then the past missions since it was the first run through a resident would be going into space. As of now in these associations time, it was basic to their fates to support Americans assessment of the space program. The administrators of these associations kne w how significant this strategic to their prosperity and pushed for the mission to occur and for its representatives to persuade the individuals of the projects development and achievement. Toward the path in authoritative culture, specialist strengthening was profoundly focused albeit top administration didn't tune in. This was likewise significant in attempting to forestall the Challenger debacle. Both Thiokol and NASA requested workers assessment on whether the dispatch ought to be a go or were their issues that may emerge. At the point when the architects offered their input that I was to risky for dispatch, the top officials would not hear them out and casted a ballot to dispatch approaching just for the top administrators to cast a ballot. In Challengers case, the designers were the individuals who knew whether

Qualitative Research Problem and Design-Terence Essay - 1

Subjective Research Problem and Design-Terence - Essay Example In-setting discernments, interviews and broad conversations are a portion of the techniques utilized in this kind of exploration (Academy of Management, 2011). Crimes in many pieces of the world are expanding because of certain variables which financial experts and sociologists accept can be controlled (CICITAS CRIME, 2013). For instance, the crime percentage in the United States is viewed as low as thought about different pieces of the world yet at the same time high. Districts of Africa and South America are the most influenced zones with the expanding paces of crimes. It is essential to take a gander at the reasons for these expanding levels of violations since lives are lost from such crimes. A portion of the central point behind expanding crime percentages are absence of openings for work among the young and urbanization as a rule. Investigating the impacts of these criminal practices in our general public is additionally pivotal since it would give the network motivations to battle this evil in the general public. At last, an exploration on the most proficient method to battle this issue would be essential (Clear, 2012). A wrongdoing is a movement that an individual or a gathering participates in however the rule that everyone must follow is against. These exercises can be acts that influence others are those that influence only the practitioners of the exercises. The general point of view of criminal conduct takes a gander at all the gatherings in question when such an unlawful move is made (Federal Bureau of Investigations, 2013). The pace of crimes in our nations has been on the increments. The quantity of unlawful exercises that administration specialists record each year is today higher than the number recorded back in the mid 2000s. The size of information about lives lost in the line of taking care of crimes have likewise increased over years to date. The world is currently left alarm about these expanding criminal rates as the whole age from the West toward the East is influenced by the issue (Uniform Crime

Advantages of Breastfeeding Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Focal points of Breastfeeding - Research Paper Example The World Health Organization, medicinal services associations, and government wellbeing associations affirm the consistent affirmation of the undeniable bit of leeway of human milk just as the dangers related with counterfeit milk items. The WHO alongside the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that moms only breastfeed their babies al least for the underlying a half year, and carry on for in any event over two years. Human milk gives best focal points for babies, along with untimely, just as wiped out newborn children. Human milk is just one of its sorts. Propelled supplements just as valuable substances are available in human milk that can't be supplanted. â€Å"Breastfeeding offers best state of being, wholesome, immunologic and formative advantages to babies just as assurance from baby blues entanglements and future malady for mothers† (Sears, p. 190). Bosom milk is the most far reaching kind of sustenance for infants. Specialists have demonstrated, â€Å"It has re cently the specific measure of fat, sugar, water, and protein that is required for a child's development and development† (American Academy of Pediatrics, p. 301). Most infants think that its helpful to process bosom milk when contrasted with equation feed. Subsequently, breastfed babies develop unequivocally the manner in which they should. They are probably going to put on less additional weight and to be more slender. This may bring about avoiding being overweight during the adolescent years or significantly after that. Bosom milk has antibodies in it to help safeguard infants from germs and infections. Most recent investigates on this subject revel that youngsters who are not only breastfed for at any rate a half year are increasingly expected to build up a wide scope of infectious sicknesses along with ear contaminations, looseness of the bowels, and respiratory ailments (American Academy of Pediatrics, p. 301) and have extra hospitalizations. Moreover, pampers who are no t breastfed have a 19 percent higher post neonatal infant demise rate in the United States. Various investigations infer that babies who are not breastfed have expanding paces of ‘sudden baby passing syndrome’ (SIDS) (Newman, p. 320-23) during the underlying year of life, and higher paces of â€Å"type 1 and type 2 diabetes, lymphoma, leukemia, Hodgkin's illness, overweight and stoutness, elevated cholesterol and asthma† (Newman, p. 323). For youngsters, breastfeeding supports best development and guards against extreme and ceaseless disorder. For moms, breastfeeding helps with progress from pregnancy just as from labor and gives lifetime medical advantages. For society, breastfeeding offers an assortment of monetary just as ecological prizes. Bosom milk is an amazing substance that can't be supplanted by some counterfeit methods. Inimitable in its piece and capacity, bosom milk has an ideal parity of nourishment that the infant can process without trouble. It ch anges in the long run, and even d the course of a day, to meet the shifting prerequisites of the developing child. It has substances essential for best advancement of the infant’s keenness, with impacts on both subjective just as visual capacity. It gives development factors that ‘join to develop the newborn child gut’. It gives the infant with safe variables made to battle allergens just as sicknesses specific to the mother’s and newborn’s environment (Hausman, p. 192). Focal points for Children specifically, specialists have recognized that breastfeeding gives advantages to kids no other option of taking care of can copy. The benefits of breastfeeding start from the underlying minutes following labor and keep going for various years once breastfeeding stops. In examination

Critical opinion on history of design Term Paper

Basic sentiment on history of plan - Term Paper Example Altogether, the structure history additionally exists as a part of training based courses with its instructing and study being because of the National Advisory Council of Britain and was propelled during the 1960s under the craftsmanship and configuration programs. Impressively, the board planned for making craftsmanship and structure training a genuine scholastic movement which required the business or ‘buying in’ of experts from workmanship history disciplines, prompting a specific style of conveyance. Wood is among the center parts of structure (as a material) that the vast majority including creators, acknowledge and love; basically in light of the fact that it is a staggeringly valuable material that has insignificant impact to nature (Gustav 1). Throughout the years, wood has furnished people with cover, warmth, devices and furniture and it has been an incredible motivation that even the soonest man interfaced with wood in this most essential manners and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Commonly, wood is implanted with numerous layers, which are all representative in the parts of its history in configuration, time and where it has been applied; for example, wood tracks its condition and every year brings new development that denotes its past or the rings of a tree can instruct us about the earth and explicit occasions in the trees life holding its history inside and its living vitality communicates it outward. The majority of the specialists that utilization wood in configuration express vitality that is added to the profundity of the material; brilliantly, furniture has been a piece of the human experience since the improvement of the non-traveling societies and there is authentic proof that it goes the Neolithic time frame (Gustav 1). This hypothesis is a case of how configuration when all is said in done has been of extraordinary criticalness to the human period, not to overlook that it doesn't in any negative manner influence the earth. Furniture planned from wood isn't just an item but on the other hand is viewed as a from of

Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Tasks Management - Assignment Example It likewise perceives the capability of its rivals and in this way continues exploring its systems to guarantee that its can accomplish its destinations in a solid manner. It has after some time created polices that advance great cultivating rehearses for its makers with a point of guaranteeing that they continually increment their creation capacity, which would consequently affect on the company’s handling capacity and in the long run the gracefully to the market. With such an upgraded system, the organization no uncertainty puts forth a decent defense concentrate for activity the board forms. So as to get a diagram focal point of this examination, it is imperative to comprehend what process the executives is about and how existing writing investigates it. A few researchers have seen this procedure as the way wherein a given technique is controlled and coordinated with a point of changing contributions to completed merchandise and services(Melao and Pidd,2000).). It has additionally been investigated as the procedure related with creation activity and control of change framework which retains sources of info and assets and over the long haul produces yields which are named either products or benefits and are fundamental to the clients (Pritchard and Armistead, 1999). From these portrayals, it is deducible that activity procedure is principally engaged in creating merchandise or administrations that clients can appreciate. Lin and Pai (2002) attest that tasks the executives manages looking it what assets are required where, how, in what amount and for what reason, just as h ow these assets will affect on the last anticipated item. From the organization outline given above, it is obvious that the organization has a somewhat confused structure that is altogether divided for simple administration. There are a few associated divisions that embrace explicit errands with a point of arriving at the general organization goals. The procedure chose for

Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress

Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress Stress Management Effects on Health Print How Psychoneuroimmunology Sheds Light on Stress and Overall Health By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on December 08, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living 4FR / Getty Images Psychoneuroimmunology, also known as PNI, is an important, relatively new field that lends solid research to our understanding of the mind-body connection. What Is Psychoneuroimmunology? In a nutshell, PNI studies the connection between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the body. A more detailed description of PNI was given in an interview with Dr. Robert Ader, a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and one of the pioneers of this rapidly growing branch of research. It reads as follows: “Psychoneuroimmunology refers, most simply, to the study of the interactions among behavioral, neural and endocrine (or neuroendocrine), and immunologic processes of adaptation. Its central premise is that homeostasis is an integrated process involving interactions among behavior and the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems.” History The field grew from the work of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov and his classical conditioning model. Pavlov was able to condition dogs to salivate when they heard the ring of a bell by ringing a bell when they were given food. Eventually, they came to automatically associate the sound of the bell with the act of eating, so that when the food was no longer given, the sound of the bell would automatically cause them to salivate. With PNI, Russian researchers conducted a series of experiments that showed that the body’s other systems may be altered by conditioning as well. Although their research does not live up to today’s rigorous standards, they were able to cause immunologic reactions in animals in much the same way that Pavlov created salivation in his dogs. American researchers like Ader took the research further in the United States, and we now know for certain that immune responses can be enhanced or suppressed with a wide variety of conditioned cues. We also have a deeper understanding of the placebo effectâ€"some researchers are beginning to believe that it might be a conditioned response as well. Psychoneuroimmunology Applications Psychoneuroimmunology research sheds a great deal of light on many aspects of wellness and provides important research on stress. PNI studies have found may correlations between life events and health effects. As PNI has gained greater acceptance in the scientific community, the finding that emotional states can affect immunity has been an important one, and research in this area helps us to gain a clearer understanding of stress and its effects on health. We are gaining a clearer understanding of the links between lifestyle and personality factors and immunity as research continues. Stress and Health Research includes studies that exemplify what we have learned so far through the field of PNI and supply us with important information on the link between stress and health.

Health Care Plans in African Regions and Middle East - 1100 Words

Health Care Plans in African Regions and Middle East (Essay Sample) Content: Regional Health Care PlansStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationHealthcare plans is an important sector in any given nation and therefore every country has to lay down an efficient program to ensure that patients have a good plan of paying hospital bills to avoid accumulation of large bills. Different regions of the world have different health care plans that best fits the economic and social statuses of their people. In addition, the various regions strive their best to achieve a world class health care plan such as those discussed by the public and private sector explores of Middle East and North Africa. Therefore, this paper focuses on the different health care plans in the main African regions and the Middle East as well as a specific example of a health care plan in one of the countries from each region which is Bupa Arabia in Saudi Arabia and NHIF in KenyaAmong the Health care plans in East African region is the IAA RESOLUTION which was formed by a partnership b etween the Health Management Organization in Uganda and the Resolution Health East Africa to cover health bills in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The health care plan ensures that citizens of the above three countries are able to access medical care within the three countries irrespective of their native country. The provision for this offer is to be a registered member of the IAA RESOLUTION. As a result, this program has helped people from the East African region to cut on costs that result from the idea of having to pay hospital deals using out-of-the -pocket money (Ratha, Yi Yousefi, 2015). The officials of the program have made negotiations with most of the clinics and hospital in the east African region to ensure that patients from all over the region can use the medical cards in either of those hospitals. Therefore, people do not have to incur travelling costs and risking death whenever they fall sick away from home. Hence, this turns out to be one of the strategies of poverty e radication within the region. This is because the health care plan is able to provide various programs depending on the social and economic class of the members and have various plans that one can choose from. From such programs, individuals have the opportunity of choosing the best plan that fits their requirements (Alsan, Schoemaker, Eggleston, Kammili, Kolli Bhattacharya, 2015).As well, one of the health care insurance programs in the Middle East is the AXA International Cover. The health care system is made to cover medical costs hence reducing the expenses from unexpected illnesses. The program offers different medical schemes for use by all the citizens living in the Middle East. The health care plan has made agreements with most of the hospitals in the region and therefore someone does not have to travel in order to get medical attention. The key benefits of this program is that it provides an inpatient treatment scheme, outpatient consultations and diagnosis, drugs cover to the extent of the pharmacy, dental covers and chronic conditions among other diseases. According to this program, members are required to declare pre-existing illnesses during the application for the scheme otherwise the disease will not be included in the medical cover. As a result, this program helps a lot in the reduction of costs associated with terminal illnesses hence improving the general health of people in the Middle East.NASCO insurance company is also another medical healthcare program in the Middle East and provides medical insurance to both individuals and groups. By using their program, the members are able to get medical care from different countries in Middle East as long as they are active members. The company represents different international healthcare schemes by providing affordable and flexible medical schemes within the Middle East region. The company makes all the follow up procedures in order to obtain the insurance claim on behalf of the patient. They also carry out the duty of presenting all the denied claims for the purpose of reassessment to ensure customer satisfaction rate is high (Yazbeck, Rabie Pande, 2017).A good example of one insurance cover in the east African region is the national hospital insurance fund (NHIF) of Kenya. According to this healthcare plan, every member has to pay a certain amount of money in regard to their earnings. The plan is applicable in all the public hospitals in Kenya and therefore, the members are able to access medical care irrespective of their location within the country. As well, most of the private hospitals have reached an agreement with the national hospital insurance fund to admit patients who have an insurance fund with the organization. However, the medical card provided only covers for inpatient cases only. Therefore, this plan poses a great challenge for individuals using the outpatient program because they might end up paying the hospital bills using their cash which is not economic ally right. The main purpose of such program is to reduce mortality rate in the country as well as the eradication of poverty. Therefore, the members are aware of the benefits that come along with this insurance fund and can therefore make long-term plans regarding their health. Among such long-term p...

Spanish Homophones Same Sound, Different Meanings

Spanish has far fewer homophones — different words that are pronounced the same although they may be spelled differently — than does English. But Spanish homophones and homographs (two different words that are spelled the same, which in Spanish but not necessarily English means they also are pronounced the same) do exist, and it is helpful to learn them if you hope to spell correctly. Homophones and Spelling Some of the Spanish homophone pairs are spelled alike, except that one of the words uses an accent to distinguish it from the other. For example, the definite article el, which usually means the, and the pronoun à ©l, which usually means he or him, are written alike except for the accent. There are also homophone pairs that exist because of a silent h or because certain letters or letter combinations are pronounced alike. Below are most of the common homographs and homophones of Spanish and their definitions. Definitions given are not the only ones possible. An asterisk before a word pair indicates that the words sound alike in some regions but not all. Most often, this occurs because some letters, such as the z are pronounced differently in Spain than in most of Latin America. Most of the word pairs where the two words are closely related but are distinguished in usage by an orthographic accent are not included in the list. Among them are cual/cuà ¡l, como/cà ³mo, este/à ©ste, aquel/aquà ©l, cuanto/cuà ¡nto, donde/dà ³nde, and quien/quià ©n. Spanish Homophones and Homographs a (first letter of the alphabet), a (to), ha (conjugated form of haber)ama, amo (owner, master/mistress), ama, amo (conjugated forms of amar, to love)* arrollo (conjugated form of arrollar, to roll up), arroyo (stream)* asar (to roast), azar (chance, fate)* Asia (Asia), hacia (toward)asta (mast), hasta (until)baile (dance), baile (type of judge)barà ³n (baron), varà ³n (man)basta (enough), basta (coarse), vasta (vast)basto (coarse), vasto (vast)bazar (bazaar), vasar (kitchen shelf)be (phonetic spelling of the letter b), ve (phonetic spelling of the letter v)bello (beautiful), vello (bird down)bienes (property), vienes (conjugated form of venir, to come)bis (encore), vis (force)calle (street), calle (conjugated form of callar, to silence)* callà ³ (conjugated form of callar, to silence), cayà ³ (conjugated form of caer, to fall)* casa (house), caza (conjugated form of cazar, to hunt)* cazo (saucepan), cazo (conjugated form of cazar, to hunt)* ce (phonetic spelling of the letter c ), se (reflexive pronoun), sà © (conjugated form of saber, to know)* cebo (bait), sebo (fat)* cegar (to blind), segar (to cut off)* cepa (vine), sepa (conjugated form of saber, to know)* cerrar (to close), serrar (to saw)* cesià ³n (cession), sesià ³n (meeting)* cesto (basket), sexto (sixth)* cien (hundred), sien (temple of the head)* ciento (hundred), siento (conjugated form of sentir, to feel)* cima (summit), sima (chasm)* cocer (to cook), coser (to sew)copa (cup), copa (conjugated form of copar, to win)de (of, from), de (phonetic spelling of the letter d), dà © (conjugated form of dar, to give)el (the), à ©l (he, him, it)errar (to make a mistake), herrar (to put horseshoes on)ese (that), ese (phonetic spelling of the letter s), à ©se (that)flamenco (Flemish, a dance), flamenco (flamingo)fui, fuiste, fue, etc. (conjugated forms of ser, to be), fui, fuiste, fue, etc. (conjugated forms of ir, to go)grabar (to record), gravar (to worsen)* halla (conjugated form of hallar, to fi nd), haya (conjugated form of haber, to have)* has (conjugated form of haber, to have), haz (conjugated form of hacer, to do)hierba or yerba (herb), hierva (conjugated form of hervir, to boil)hierro (iron), yerro (mistake)hojear (to leaf through), ojear (to look at)hola (hello), ola (wave)honda (deep), honda (sling), onda (wave)hora (hour), ora (conjugated form of orar, to pray), ora (correlative conjunction usually translated as now)* hoya (hole in ground), olla (cooking pot)* hozar (to move dirt around with ones snout), osar (to dare)huno (Hunnish), uno (one)huso (spindle), uso (utilization)la (the, her, it), la (note of the musical scale)* lisa (smooth), liza (battle)mal (bad), mall (shopping mall)mas (but), mà ¡s (more)* masa (mass), maza (club used as weapon)* mesa (table), meza (conjugated form of mecer, to rock)mi (my), mi (note of the musical scale), mà ­ (me)mora (Moorish), mora (blackberry)o (letter of the alphabet), o (or)oro (gold), oro (conjugated form of orar, to pra y)papa (potato), Papa (pope)* pollo (chicken), poyo (stone bench)polo (pole as of a magnet or planet), polo (polo)* poso (sediment), pozo (well, shaft)puya (goad), puya (puya, a type of plant found primarily in the Andes)que (who, that), quà © (what, how)* rallar (to grate), rayar (to make lines on)* rasa (conjugated form of rasar, to skim), raza (race or ethnicity)rebelarse (to rebel), revelarse (to reveal oneself)recabar (to ask for), recavar (to dig again)sabia (wise female), savia (vitality)sol (sun, unit of Peruvian currency), sol (note of the musical scale)solo (alone), sà ³lo (only)si (if), sà ­ (yes)* sumo (supreme), zumo (juice)* tasa (rate), taza (cup)te (you), te (phonetic spelling of the letter t), tà © (tea)ti (you), ti (note of the musical scale)tu (your), tà º (you)tubo (pipe), tuvo (conjugated form of tener, to have)vino (wine), vino (conjugated form of venir, to come) Why Do Homophones Exist? Most homophones came about because separate words coincidentally arrived at having the same pronunciation. An example can be seen with flamenco. The word referring to the dance is related to the English words Flanders and Flemish, presumably because the dance came to be  associated with that part of Europe. Flamenco when referring to flamingos, however, is related to the English word flame (flama in Spanish) because of the birds bright colors.

The Yellow Wallpaper And A Worn Path By Welty And Gilman

Battle between two authors: Welty and Gilman Among the two stories â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Gilman and â€Å"A Worn Path† by Welty, they both have characters that are very powerful. Power is something that comes as a feeling, and in a story, it means that the character is of importance. In comparison of the two short stories, there are many differences, but in the end, there is always one similarity: power. In â€Å"A Worn Path,† Welty seems to have a view of power, being someone who has authority and a big influence on others. Old Phoenix states â€Å"Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons, and wild animals! . . . Keep out from under these feet, little bobwhites. . . Keep the big wild hogs out of my path. Don’t let none these come running my direction. I got a long way† (1006). Old Phoenix says this because she is a person of power, and does not want someone to tell her what she should or should not do, with her knowing what her goal is. She does not want anything but to achieve her goal, as she says â€Å"Seem like there is chains about my feet, time I get this far.. Something always take a hold of me on this hill – pleads I should stay† (1007). That statement was about the path she walked being on a hill, but being able to achieve getting there, even though her feet feel like there are chains holding her back. As Old Phoenix started out as a person of power, she still continued to make an impact on others and the story on her journey. Old Phoenix’s grandson saidShow MoreRelatedThe Cask Of Admontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe And The Yellow Wallpaper Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pageson the roles that require authority (Fisher and Silber). To better understand the role of fixed gender expectations, we will analyze four short essays namely: Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path†; Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Admontillado†; William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† All these essays except Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Admontillado,† describe the lives of women protagonists in different environments which influence how they act in an era

Gilgamesh The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 1400 Words

The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh’s point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strength who is not benevolent with his subjects. He befriends Enkidu who is of equal valor. They embark on different conquests together after which Enkidu gets dreams with message of his impending death . Enkidu subsequently dies with illness . With the death of his friend Enkidu, Gilgamesh is shattered and also becomes obsessed with his own life and so he embarks on a quest to find Utnapishtim, who is bestowed with immortality by the Gods. He believes that he would get eternal life from Utnapishtim, who had received eternal life from the Gods . The story’s theme throughout is relat ed to how man evolves through various incidents in his life and finally realizes that immortality for a human lies in doing good work for others but not in the conquest of death. The entire story revolves around how Gilgamesh, obsessed by life yearns for eternal life and how it eludes him even though he undertakes dangerous quests to find it . The thesis statement is that humans can attain immortality by the acts and deeds they perform. SummaryShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh And The Epic Of Gilgamesh988 Words   |  4 PagesThe maturation of Gilgamesh and his desire to acquire wisdom throughout his journey is quite apparent. By overcoming difficulties such as upholding Uruk, becoming friends with Enkidu, and various other scenarios, Gilgamesh proves that he did in fact grow up throughout the epic. As the epic starts, Gilgamesh is portrayed as a self-centered, self-admiring leader who believes that he is the only individual that can lead the city of Uruk. Gilgamesh believes that he is a god-like figure and often refersRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : Gilgamesh1013 Words   |  5 Pages Gilgamesh in 2015 Even though the epic Gilgamesh is thousands of years old, it is still read today. Why would the era of technology read an epic this old? This is because the themes in Gilgamesh are still relevant. In addition, the themes are experiences that Gilgamesh went through in his life period, and serve as lessons for the current readers. Gilgamesh’s themes include journey, legacy, love, and death. These themes make Gilgamesh a vital reading for the 21st century citizens because peopleRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1194 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian epic poem loosely based on a real king who ruled sometime around 2700 BCE. The standard version of this epic was written in the Akkadian language. In this epic poem, Gilgamesh is King of Uruk, he is one third mortal and two-thirds god; he is described as a strong, arrogant, and unruly king that does not show much consideration for his actions. Gilgamesh is a very egocentric person; he has no res pect for the feelings of others and does not care about howRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh876 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Epic of Gilgamesh a young man meets and befriends a wild man named Enkidu. Enkidu, once a man who lived among animals, became civilized after having sex with a female. From this point on Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s relationship start, but shortly into the novel Enkidu becomes sick and dies. This is the start to Gilgamesh journey in attempting to avoid death by seeking immortality. In his quest Gilgamesh meets several people all who assign different routes to the next person he should speak to.Read MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh909 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† is a didactic story set out to expose the inevitability of death. The true meaning of this story is sometimes overlooked because the story is told in heighten language not easily understood. The epic hero in this story is Gilgamesh; he undertakes a quest for knowledge which is overshadowed by his ignorance. The tragic death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s trusted companion forces the epic hero to change his perception of death. To overcome great obstacles one must be willing to putRead MoreGilgamesh The Epic Of Gilgamesh877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh the lines that are repeated at the beginning and end of the epic show that only immortality a human can gain lies in creating things that last beyond a person’s lifetime. 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During this time, the gods createRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesWhile the women in the Epic of Gilgamesh may not be the primary focus of the epic, which instead recounts more of Gilgamesh’s own trials and travails, they still play quite vital roles in their interactions with both Enkidu and Gilgamesh. Women such as Shamhat, Ninsun, and Ishtar in The Epic of Gilgamesh are often portrayed with a particular emphasis on their intrinsic connections to civilization—and in the case of Shamhat and Ninsun, in terms of their motherly characteristics as well—which servesRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh By Gilgamesh1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh was the earliest surviving written epic that told story of Gilgamesh king of Uruk that was the world first cities that was built along the Tigris and Euphrates River 5,000 years ago. Aruru created the human race, Enkidu and a wild man who roamed the pasture like a gazelle. The epic of Gilgamesh goddesses and scared harlots wild men who cavort in the fields with the gazelles kings who are descended from gods. The Urban Revolution was recognize the elements of our own world by

The Argument On World War Z - 884 Words

Evaluative Argument on World War Z The movie World War Z is a zombie apocalyptic horror film directed by Marc Forster. The movie was loosely based off of Max Brook’s novel of the same name. Overall, it accrued positive reviews with a successful box office. Steve Persall applauded its aesthetic features, as it offers â€Å"vivid images of what these monsters are about and what they’re capable of doing†. Matt Zoller Seitz disagrees â€Å"as if someone watched the similar â€Å"28 Days Later† and thought, â€Å"That was a good movie, but it would be better if it cost $200 million†. The reviews generally agree that it is an action movie as the zombies â€Å"twitch, leap, gnash, and destroy† (Chris Cabin Slant Magazine). But they disagree on the appropriate rating and whether the film was overall satisfying in producing something new. It is balanced in violence and gore but keeps it friendly and â€Å"evades images of blood and gore† (Chris Cabin). Its category is science fiction horror and action film where it involves with special effects and horror aesthetics meant to evoke awe. World War Z is a good film and is packed with action, suspense, horror, and visual appeal. The action within the movie is very fast paced, and it begins during a normal commute in Philadelphia. Gerry Lane (portrayed by Brad Pitt) and his family fight to leave the congested streets with exponentially growing infected lurking about. Gerry fends off hordes of zombies as he navigates the supermarket and apartment complexes. 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There is a finite amount of natural resources in the world for people to use, and we are fast approaching a point where the world can no longer supportRead MoreWorld War Z as a Sociopolitical Assessment of Globalization1831 Words   |  8 PagesWorld War Z as a Sociopolitical Assessment of Globalization World War Z showed readers that what may have worked in peace time was unsuited for war. By doing so Brooks was able to make a good assessment of our current global systems with the overarching evaluation of globalization’s literal and metamorphical infectiousness. He uses the novel to comment on the social issues such as government ineptitude, while also playing on innate human fear and our ability to adapt to new situations for the sakeRead MoreThe Battle Of The Vietnam War Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion of the Vietnam War was never far from people’s minds. This war would serve as an introduction to what war was to the home front. It was in the homes of America where so many had been previously sheltered from the realities of war. During previous conflicts, there had been a military censorship on all media that pertained to war. This would not be the case in Vietnam, it would be completely uncensored. The ability for reporters to provide a commentary on the war without censorship would

Requirements for Scientific Application for Programmers Free Essays

In addition to merely providing the best quality or most efficient application for users of computer systems, designers at corporations such as Microsoft and programmers within such systems Java as are striving to enhance the capabilities of their application systems with the aim of making even innovative features in these systems user-friendly to even the most techno-phobic users of new scientific systems and applications. â€Å"One of the standard bugbears is the persistent belief†¦ that difficulty is a virtue in itself, even a sign of intelligence. (Girvan, 2002) Grasping this concept is a critical aspect of computing as modern technology becomes increasingly integrated into daily business life. We will write a custom essay sample on Requirements for Scientific Application for Programmers or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Users may need guidance as they work with unfamiliar software,† thus the use of easy to read menus and clear instruction manuals in the point and click ‘help’ applications are simply the first step in creating less intimidating face for modern technology. (Girvan, 2002) Windows pioneered the development of the palettes and pull-down menus used for quick access to common symbols and operations. But cosmetic friendliness is one aspect, however, of making users feel comfortable with new applications. (Girvan, 2005) Automation of as many systems as possible within an application makes it easier for users to concentrate on aspects of the application that cannot be rendered without the use of supervision. The ability for a calculator application to run without supervision under the control of the batch management system can be configured so that it deploys a command line option for taking input from a file or assumes a default response. This feature can be found in computer applications designed with offline operations in mind, including Visual Basicc script (VBScript), JavaScript, Perl, all of which can be used on a Windows-based cluster. (High Performance Computing FAQ, 2005) â€Å"Functional friendliness† as a concept is also important when making scientific applications less intimidating to potential users. In other words, providing explanatory prompts for users when certain systems are deployed, such as available ‘drag and drop’ controls and the display or visual prompting of likely intermediate steps in the application. Hypertext help browsers eliminate the need of a large, hidden command set to remember, such as one early Internet program â€Å"that required, to make a dialup connection, typing the modem command string, from memory, in hexadecimal. † (Girvan, 2002) Even if this example seems like an extreme example of a dinosaur code from the age of dial-up, only recently has the widespread graphical user interface of application software, with â€Å"sliders, menus, radio buttons, and check boxes,† become the norm. (Girvan, 2002) For example, â€Å"Waterloo Maple’s Java-based Maplets† deploys visual description of the device scripting to control the user’s interaction with the interface’s worksheet during a programming session. In other prompted systems, â€Å"the Insert Component menu drops a graphical device into the worksheet, where it automatically passes input (for instance, a slider position) to a variable. Pop-up dialogue boxes allow fine-tuning of the layout and the underlying VBScript†¦ GUIs [Graphic User Interfaces] are also easily designed using GUIDE, a GUI layout editor that generates both a . FIG file of the contents and the basic M-code to handle the calling procedure,† in many systems Similarly, programming menus can access the code for the programmer, allowing for more detailed configurations. (Girvan, 2002) Even more experienced programmers, whether concerned with designing new systems, using existing systems, or individuals concerned with on and offline data storage and manipulation can appreciate some of the other updates newly available for scientific applications. Other useful recent enhancements to linear programming-such as NSolve numerical solution, and simplification, the use of memorable planetary and musical symbols, Asian language support for individuals most comfortable in expressing themselves in these languages, XHTML export and two new scientific data formats, SDTS (the ANSI Spatial Data Transfer Standard for geographical and satellite data) and FITS (the NASA-endorsed Flexible Image Transport System for storing astronomical metadata-all complete the increasingly diverse array of applications that add ease and save time for individuals of all levels of using and programming ability. Girvan, 2002) How to cite Requirements for Scientific Application for Programmers, Essay examples

Unemployment Rate for Labour Force Participation- myassignmenthelp

Question: Should discouraged workers be counted as part of the unemployment rate? Answer: Discouraged workers are not actively searching for a job but they are considered non participants in a labour market. That is they are neither counted as unemployed nor included in the labour force. But these categories of people are not counted in an unemployment rate as they are not looking for a job but they are capable enough to get employed. There are various opportunities for them in the market but they dont want to use them, as they have assumed that no jobs are available for them (Lee Parasnis, 2014). This is due to the lack of participation in the labour market. The measure of unemployment involves potential labour participants who are seeking for job but are not employed. It includes those people who are retired or they are in school or training programs or those who have stopped looking for change. Disgorged workers sometimes affect the unemployment rate due to the change in their mind-set. Thus they are considered as on the margin of labour force and they should not be i ncluded in an unemployment rate (Dunn, Haugen Kang, 2018). They are established in the statistics of Labour Force Participation as they have not searched for job from last few weeks and have assumed that no jobs are available for them. They are attacked in Unemployment insuranceU-5 and U-6 measures (Ravikumar Shao, 2014). They must not be included in unemployment rate as its their own decision to not look for job even when jobs options are widely open for them. References Dunn, M., Haugen, S. E., Kang, J. L. (2018). The Current Population Surveytracking unemployment in the United States for over 75 years.Monthly Labor Review, 1-23. Lee, G. H., Parasnis, J. (2014). Discouraged workers in developed countries and added workers in developing countries? Unemployment rate and labour force participation.Economic Modelling,41, 90-98. Ravikumar, B., Shao, L. (2014). Discouraged workers: what do we know?.Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Synopses, (6).

THE PROS AND CONS ABOUT LEGALIZING MARIJUANA Essays - Herbalism

THE PROS AND CONS ABOUT LEGALIZING MARIJUANA Mainstream vs. Alternative Media; who do we believe? The Journal of Media Studies Writer Discussion of the legalization of marijuana brings up two main issues, those who are pro- marijuana and those who are anti- marijuana. These issues have been covered by both mainstream and alternative media, mainstream being pro, and alternative being anti. These two factions have been arguing over this issue in the halls of justice for many years. Because most of the American society is mainly exposed to only mainstream media, they are not aware of other factors of legalizing marijuana that alternative media covers. The problem caused by this lack of exposure, is that the public may be deprived of the truth, and may be led to believe facts that are not true. Marijuana and Medicine Both pro and anti- marijuana groups have discussed whether or not marijuana can be used for medicinal purposes. Mainstream groups do not believe that there are any convincing reasons to make marijuana a treatment to sick patients. Their position is that marijuana can have harmful long-term effects. The Anti-Legalization Forum explains that some of these effects are: impairment of the immune system due to the inability of T-cells to battle off diseases, delaying puberty in both males and females, and unhealthy and smaller children born to women who used marijuana during pregnancy. The Drug Enforcement Administration believes that since marijuana is not accepted by any American health associations, there is no reason to legalize the drug. They think that the main reason why pro marijuana advocates use the medical use argument is because the uninformed public can be easily convinced to support the movement. Simply not enough evidence proves that marijuana can be used medically (Claim V). Unlike the D.E.A., lobbying groups such as the Cannabis Action Network and the Indiana Civil Liberties Union, believe that marijuana is a beneficial herb, and not a harmful drug (ICLU). Alternative media sources, such as "Marijuana As Medicine," state that marijuana can be used as medicine for: nausea, appetite stimulation, relief from vomiting, reduction in spasticity, glaucoma, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, asthma, multiple sclerosis, stimulation of the immune system, Aids patient and cancer patients. For victims with AIDS, cancer and multiple sclerosis, smoking marijuana is believed to help reduce emesis, suppress vomiting, and stimulate the appetite. People with multiple sclerosis are convinced that smoking marijuana also reduces the intensity of their spasms. "Marijuana As Medicine," a Cannabis Action Network pamphlet, states that, "Two highly qualified and experienced ophthalmologists have accepted marijuana as having a medical use in treatment of glaucoma." When taken, parts of cannabis lower intraocular pressure in the eye. There are rumors that marijuana suppresses the immune system. "Marijuana Myths" dismisses this belief because the myth was based on studies where the experimental animals were given near-lethal-doses of cannabinoids, and these results have never been repeated on humans. In fact, two studies displayed that the immune system may actually have been stimulated by the use of hashish and marijuana. On the other hand, a separate alternative source stated that marijuana (Delta-nine-THC) does possess an immunosuppressive effect. Marijuana shuts off some cells in the liver, instead of stimulating them. The effect is only temporary and goes away rapidly. According to "Marijuana As Medicine," Approximately 30% of all prescription drugs can be replaced by THC, so pro- marijuana groups lead to believe that one of the reasons why the drug is not legalized is because it would take the profit away from currently used drugs. These groups suppose that since no one has ever died from marijuana use, it must be safe. We can already see the different myths that people read and get confused about. The one thing that pro- marijuana groups agree upon is that "Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man" (Marijuana As Medicine). Marijuana and Crime Another issue considered by the mass media is whether marijuana has an effect on crime or not. As written in the "Anti-Legalization Forum," the D.E.A. believes that drug use contributes to crime and violence. Many police officers say that criminal activity is not caused by dealers, but by those that are under the influence of the drug. A study showed that among males (18-49 years old) those who used cannabis were ten times more likely to commit violent acts than non-users. Anti marijuana groups look to the example of gangs,

Seven Words You Can Never Say On Television Or Radio essays

Seven Words You Can Never Say On Television Or Radio essays The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has started to actively enforce regulations that restrict what can be said on broadcast television and radio. The FCC regulates media that can be received with an antenna, but does not control media broadcasted over cable and satellite. However, the FCC is trying to gain jurisdiction over cable and satellite broadcasting. The Federal Communication Commission is now the court appointed parent to all of the local television and radio stations in the country. And their power is based on seven words. The controversy over using profanity in a public place had begun many years before the FCC banned the use of obscene language on TV and radio. The original debate came to a head in the 1960s when Lenny Bruce became the last person to be arrested for using obscene language in public. Bruce, a satirical comic, used profanity to talk about words in general, and used language that the audience was used to hearing(Penn Bullshit). Lenny Bruce paved the way for the comics today by using offensive speech in a non-offensive way. The major controversy started in 1973 when WBAI, a New York City radio station, played George Carlins eleven and a half minute monologue, Filthy Words. This monologue was an amendment to Carlins original Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television. Acting on the formal complaint of a concerned listener, the FCC declared that the seven dirty words can no longer be said on broadcast television. The Pacifica Foundation, the parent company of WBAI, challenged the declaration. The order was reversed by the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, but in 1978 the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the FCC had the jurisdiction to regulate what can and cannot be said on broadcast television and radio. The original seven dirty words are what the FCC uses to base their regulations. ...

Savannah State University Admission Requirements

Savannah State University Admission Requirements Savannah State University Admissions Overview: With an acceptance rate of 51%, Savannah State University is generally accessible to applicants. Students with B-averages and average SAT/ACT scores have a good chance of making it into the school. Interested students will need to submit an application, official high school transcripts, and scores from either the SAT or the ACT. If you have any questions about applying, or would like to visit the campus, be sure to get in touch with the admissions office at Savannah State. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Savannah State University Acceptance Rate: 51%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 380 / 440SAT Math: 370 / 440SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 16  / 18ACT English: 14  / 18ACT Math: 15  / 17ACT Writing: -  / -What these ACT numbers mean Savannah State University Description: Founded in 1890, Savannah State University is a public university located on a picturesque 173-acre campus in Savannah, Georgia. Savannah State is the oldest historically black university in Georgia. The school has an 18 to 1 student / faculty ratio, and students can choose from 22 bachelors degree programs. Social life is active with over 75 clubs and organizations including sororities, fraternities, and the popular Marching Tigers Band. In athletics, the Savannah State Tigers compete in the NCAA Division I  Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference  (MEACS). The school fields five mens and seven womens Division I sports. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 4,955  (4,772  undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40% Male / 60% Female87% Full-time Costs (2016- 17): Tuition and Fees: $5,644  (in-state); $15,900 (out-of-state)Books: $1,600 (why so much?)Room and Board: $7,432Other Expenses: $2,196Total Cost: $16,872  (in-state); $27,128 (out-of-state) Savannah State University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 96%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 85%Loans: 87%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,173Loans: $6,800 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Business Administration, Child Psychology, Computer Information Systems, Criminal Justice, Journalism, Political Science, Social Work, Sociology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 60%Transfer Out Rate: 21%4-Year Graduation Rate: 8%6-Year Graduation Rate: 27% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Football, Golf, Baseball, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Cross Country, Golf, Softball, Volleyball, Basketball, Cheerleading Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Savannah State University, You May Also Like These Schools: Georgia State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphClayton State University: Profile  Spelman College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTuskegee University: Profile  Howard University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlabama A M University: Profile  Clark Atlanta University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Georgia: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBethune-Cookman University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphValdosta State University: Profile  Alabama State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Service Value Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service Value Assessment - Essay Example Authors who carried out studies concerning service  value  indicated their interest in the aspects and techniques used to determine the value of service in hotels. Moreover, there was recognition of the natural characters of services like heterogeneity, concurrently, expiring and indefinable, on the hospitality business, and other features such as seasonal requirements and  inaccurate  values.  This discovery led to some difficulties in defining and measuring the value of service (Salazar, Costa & Rita 383). For instance, assessment of  quality  values such as being good,  caring  and  courteous  may have  diverse  analysis  depending on the client. It can as well be a  demanding  activity, involving the development of an organizational tradition, which involves  daring  people to  perform  better than they already are, and acknowledging and rewarding when they do so. According to these writers, listening is one of the features that are  fund amental  to  service  value improvement. Furthermore, there is a  climax  phase  of  time  where  order  is higher, like depart or  high  period, which makes yet more complex, to  convey  a  reliable  level  of value. Spending money in a manner that will not  develop  the  service  is one of the most  regular  mistakes industries  make. ... Research from clients displays the strengths and limitations of a firm. Researches from non-clients  inform  us about rivals’ performance, and this can be utilized as a set of assessment (Salazar, Costa & Rita 384). Anticipations  better  fulfilled by rivals  signify  the  way  of action to  follow. An  outstanding  service is a  beneficial  policy, since it will  involve  more customers, extra  business  with real clients, fewer customers lost, a bigger  separation  from rivals’ prices and fewer errors resulting in conveying once more the  service. Advantages that  occur  from value include customer fulfillment. Better value reinforces the  business’ competitiveness by  better  status, more recurring  business  and few  invisible  customers lost. Another advantage is efficiency and profitability. Reduction of wasted resources as a result of lack of  value  will enable the  business  to  spare  expenses and improvements in operations. Human resources whereby members of staff that  give  expert  services will have a  constructive  approach toward work  atmosphere  and better presentations. One author disagrees that segregation through value guards the  company  from rivals by improving loyalty, reducing their responsiveness to price and evading other competitive powers that  decrease  price/cost borders. This study took place in three parts: in the first phase, two forms  were experimented  in the Portuguese hospitality  division- SERVQUAL having  straight  formulation and SERVPERF. A  reliable  model  was utilized, and 532 questionnaires  were gathered  in thirty two hotels. The  evaluation  was determined  using the  fortitude  coefficient from the weakening form that connected

Pediatric Issues Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pediatric Issues Paper - Essay Example Since the nutrient mix of breast milk is yet not fully known, giving DHA in infant formula can cause negative impacts. Secondly, the DHA added to infant formula is highly synthetic oil, extracted by growing fungus and algae in laboratories, through processing a toxic chemical hexane. It can at no chance be compared to breast milk. For gathering the required information, the WIC clinic in the area decided to take two measures. First was to ask, as a routine from every mother on their visit, about the method they use to nourish their infant. If the answer was Formula, they were further inquired about which formula they were using. Secondly, a representative was sent to every home in the nearby location to question different mothers about how they nourish their infant and incase of formula, which brand they use. Data was searched over the internet, locally published journals and magazines over infant health and growth. The research was thorough and focused on the rate of formula fed and breast fed babies and the effects on them of the chosen method of nourishment. (Positive or negative) The results raised an alarm to take the matter into serious consideration. Having DHA added, the formula was marketed ‘as closest to breast milk as ever’. With increased marketing, the number of mothers who believe that both methods are equally good also took a height. After the advent of the idea in 1996, the survey results showed that 12% of mother had this believe in 2003, which rose to a disappointing 24% in 2004 (results shown in appendix). The manufacturing companies had no way to control the demand by controlling the number of babies born, therefore, through intensive marketing, they changed the perception and succeeded in convincing and discouraging mothers to breast feed in order to increase their sales. It was shocking to hear firsthand horrible stories from mothers of how their infants

Community Planning Model for Sustainability

Community Planning Model for Sustainability Narrative In the West, Twentieth Century urban planning policies and rapid urbanisation; characterised by single use zoning; low density land use and car dependent communities; have often separated people from traditional community interaction. For many this individualistic existence can be perceived as dystopia. What if people were given the opportunity to respond to such dystopia assisted by the further development of cooperative community model that facilitated sustainable living and supportive mutual respect? What if an alternative means to live was promoted helped by the provision of flexible and supportive physical mixed use environment which was both accessible and beneficial to the whole community? It is arguable that true sustainability relates not only to the natural environment but also to the built environment and it has key economic and social community dimensions Brief Outline of User Requirements: Cohousing communities provide a developing physical, economic and social model to achieve such objectives outlined above. They are typically composed of mixed use flexible buildings containing private living space, economic activity and extensive common areas, which are owned, managed and maintained by the residents, providing an affordable, sustainable and community focused lifestyle. Facilities should include a range of communal facilities proportionate in size to the development including a large kitchen and dining room area, a laundry, offices and workshops with broadband access and a range of leisure facilities Communal outdoor spaces should provide attractive areas for social interaction. The buildings should be flexible and adaptive and encourage supportive cooperative behavior. The proposed buildings should seek to take maximum benefit from their town centre location and seek to achieve high environmental standards against the sustainability code. Close spatial relationship between work and residence and interaction economically with the neighbourhood and visitors to the city centre should be encouraged. This self-generative environment will enhance a socio-economic sustainability that can successfully adapt to the changing needs of the resident and wider community. Proposed Location: Fish Street is located in Leeds City Centre. It connects Kirkgate, King Edwards Street and Vicar Lane providing access to the boutique retail outlets in the Victorian Quarter of the City, The City Markets and Lower Briggate, all of which are major tourist attractions. INTRODUCTION THE GLOBAL PROBLEM Some sociologists such as Georg Simmeland Ferdinand Tà ¶nnies, have posed the theory that the anonymity of the city leads to a feeling of alienation (Hess, A, 2001) (Lucaccini, G, 2009). Twentieth century urban planning policies and rapid urbanisation; characterised by single use zoning; low density land use; large corporate business and car dependent communities; have served to separate people from traditional community interaction. For many this individualistic existence can be perceived as a dystopia. Furthermore, with 75 per cent of the 10 billion people expected to inhabit the planet by 2050 predicted to reside in urban centers this is a global issue that needs to be addressed (Ripplinger, S, 2009). The future shaping and wellbeing of cities requires the promotion and implementation of new models of flexible mixed use and adaptive buildings responding to and promoting cooperative, supportive and sustainable communities. LEEDS Scattered and isolated communities are no more apparent than in Leeds (Nuttgens, P, 1979). Over the course of the last century city residents have been driven from the City Centre and out into the suburbs leaving some urban areas neglected, unsafe and underused (Nuttgens, P, 1979) especially during times of economic decline such as that precipitated by the credit crunch. Although  £1.8 billion of major property development has been undertaken in Leeds over the last 10 years, this part of the City remains detached and aloof, and many city dwellers still face exclusion or separation from community support. Maxwell Hutchinsons assertion that Leeds is building the high rise slums of tomorrow theyre forgetting to build communities would appear particularly accurate, despite Leeds City Planning Policy that sets out to tackle social exclusion and foster better communities (BBC Inside Out Leeds Changing for the Better?) (Leeds City Council 2007, Sustainable Development in Leeds). HOW THE SITE STARTS TO RESOLVE THE PROBLEM The Fish Street area is deep within the commercially driven retail heart of Leeds City Centre. The site, having once accommodated thriving mixed use markets in the 19th Century, is now an unattractive backland space which for big brand retail outlets, is unappealing and limited in size and economic potential. However it is the ideal place to shape and develop a sustainable urban community which is accessible for all, inclusive and community focused. SITE (PHYSICAL CONTEXT) 1500 1556 SITE CHOICE 100 94 The reuse and repositioning of obsolete or underutilised buildings and sites is essential to revitalising Leeds City Centre and renewing blighted neighbourhoods and replacing them with more prosperous communities. Six such areas were analysed to identify the best opportunities to shape a sustainable urban community within Leeds City Centre and promote opportunity for investment, business enterprise and social interaction. The sites were analysed in terms of size, transport links, proximity to community essential amenities, foot fall, gathering and retreating, sense of entry and arrival, parking and orientation. THE SELECTED SITE? 100 109 The most suitable location was the Fish Street Area. This location benefits from excellent footfall, permeability and connectivity (See Right). It lies directly between the two main East-West pedestrian routes across the City Centre (Kirkgate and King Edwards Street) as well as the main North-South pedestrian and vehicular routes (Briggate and Vicar Lane). The Fish Street area is located in close proximity to the Victorian Boutique Retail Outlets, the City Markets and Briggate, all of which are major tourist attractions. Community essential amenities are plentiful as are transport facilities with major bus routes on Vicar Lane and Leeds Railway Station is a 5 minute walk away. SITE INFORMATION 150 144 The Fish Street area has a T alignment in terms of the street and building form. The site consists of three clusters of unattractive and under-utilised buildings including two storage facilities and two run down B grade commercial buildings one of which is advertised for redevelopment. The Fish Street area is generally used as a thoroughfare and a hair salon and two small cafes allow for some very limited community interaction. The area underperforms environmentally, socially and economically and presents a substantial opportunity for regeneration The sites total approximately 1030 sq m and have a street frontage of 100 m. A considerable proportion of the sites have a single frontage. There is a slight fall of approximately 700mm from West to East across the site over a distance of 41 metres (1:59) and from North to South it is relatively level. Assembly of the site may require compulsory purchase by the Local Authority under wellbeing powers. VISUAL SURVEY 100 87 Immediate and distant thresholds and views of the site have been investigated. The results are shown over the following pages. The Fish Street area is surrounded by a range of architectural building styles and materials (See Conservation: Limitations and Opportunities). However the red brick and ornate Victorian facades on King Edwards Street provide the best example of architectural consistency and are typical of the Victorian listed buildings in this area of Leeds. Care must be taken to respect the language and expression of these buildings especially in terms of colour, materials and where practicable scale and height in any redevelopment. Much of the site is however tucked away in its own context, providing some flexibility. IDENTIFICATION OF ANY EXISTING HAZARDS 300 242 GROUND CONDITIONS CONTAMINATION Fish Street lies adjacent to Briggate and Kirkgate, two of the oldest streets in Leeds dating back to 1207. The presence of former cellars, unconsolidated ground and foundations or structural relationships with adjoining buildings will be examined. The stability of adjoining buildings and any party wall issues will need to be assessed. Any risks associated with former coal mining will be examined. Middle and Lower Coal Measures are present across central Leeds. These deposits comprise a thick sequence of alternating bands of clays, shales, sandstone, mudstone and coal (LCC, 2001, Contaminated Land). HYDROLOGY The major surface watercourse within the Leeds area is the River Aire and Leeds Liverpool Canal. The Fish Street area is not within flood risk zones currently identified (LCC, 2007, Sustainable Drainage in Leeds) MANMADE HAZARDS Given the city centre location, the air quality and the noise and light pollution levels will be assessed and mitigation taken where necessary to meet environmental standards. Vicar Lane is a major vehicular route therefore road safety and air pollution must be considered. The location and availability of gas, electricity and broadband services and foul and surface water drains must also be determined through detailed surveys and consultation. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 350 283 CLIMATE In Leeds rainfall averages 600mm annually (metoffice.gov.uk). The predominant wind is from the South West with an average speed of 10 knots (windfinder.com). Though the project location is surrounded by large and frequent obstructions, funneling at ground level along Fish street, Kirkgate and King Edwards Street should be considered. The Fish Street area is approximately 36m above sea level. Air temperature averages 11 °C annually and a snow load of 0.6kn/m sq should be accommodated for in the design. Within the area a microclimate will moderate extremes. SUNLIGHT/DAYLIGHT At street level some overshadowing occurs, though the upper levels of the proposed development should be relatively open to sunlight subject to some flexibility in the heights relative to adjoining buildings. However, given the narrowness of the highways through the site and the single aspect of much of the sites, effective penetration of natural light into the buildings will be a major consideration. Any potential rights of light issues will be examined and negotiated. The Fish Street Area slopes gently Eastward and maximum environmental advantage will be taken of this aspect by the height and design of the new buildings. DESIGN FACTORS AND OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE SITE 450 CONSERVATION The Fish Street area is located in conservation area 45A of Leeds City Centre. Numerous listed buildings line King Edwards Street and Vicar Lane. Appropriate consent will be necessary to enable demolition of the buildings in the scheme and the development proposals. Conservation and urban design policies are included in the Local Development Frame Work (LDF) and need to be taken into account. ARTICULATION, ORNAMENT AND MATERIALS Facade treatment; ratio of solid to void and detailing of facades should be designed to complement traditional proportioning, and materials should complement the existing range of brick and stone in terms of reflectivity, colour and texture. Rooflines should be staggered or otherwise broken to take account of changes in level and roofs should be pitched and punctuated by features such as dormers, chimneys or turrets where appropriate. SITE ACCESS Site accommodation for the contractor and site cabins, cranes and materials is limited and must be resolved. The minimum provision of lifts can be met through incorporation of walkways in the sky between the separate sites. As some of the buildings are single aspect they will back onto blank party walls of adjoining properties and so there will be issues of absence of light and views.Ventilation ducts that run horizontally to the roof and the use of solar chimneys must be considered. COMMON LAW RIGHTS There are also rights to light, rights of way and covenants and restrictive covenants that must be investigated. Ownership factors such as Highways Services way leaves and the Party Wall Act will affect the legalities of the development. Access for refuse, emergency services and deliveries must be catered for in the design. BRIEF 1500 1527 AN OUTLINE BRIEF 500 451 An innovative iconic inner city group of buildings is required to demonstrate a new form of regeneration post credit crunch. Urban development that is more sustainable, affordable and community focused will reshape Leeds City Centre (LCC, Leeds Sustainable Strategy, 2009). The development must be an attractive investment proposition for the tenant whom is able to live and work within a likeminded empathetic community that shares the benefits of shared resources and knowledge, in an environmentally friendly, non alienating environment. BUSINESS ENTERPRISE Mixed use driven out of the older back streets of Leeds, by big commercial business on Briggate and the Headrow etc. The Fish Street area is unattractive to big commercial retailers/business due to complexities of the site. Providing a community model which makes these spaces available to smaller business. COMMUNITY Research has shown that 65% of people have nobody with whom they can co-operate in their daily lives, 84% do not have close relationships with their neighbours and one in three people live alone (2006, National Lifestyle Preferences). Crime, antisocial behaviour, dirty streets, neglected open spaces, lighting and lack of facilities for young people have also been highlighted as the most concerning of social issues (2008, New Economics Foundation). The development must address the breakdown of community in urban centres. MANAGEMENT TENURE 100 92 The membership and outreach policy will be democratic, open and inclusive and will seek to develop close connections with the surrounding community. A process of recruiting founder members will take place as part of the design process to ensure their involvement in the design of the scheme. The development must be for a mixed-income, multigenerational demographic to ensure financial and community sustainability. OVERALL EXPECTATIONS/STATEMENTS ON THE QUALITY TO BE ACHIEVED 200 111 The development will create a beautiful living, working environment which will maximise green spaces, natural energy resources and areas for social interaction, maximising the potential of the upper floors and aspect of the separate building sites and the narrow urban space between the buildings. As a pilot scheme it will need to have good quality materials, finishes and fittings that reflect the statement being made and that are durable minimising future maintenance costs. Different levels of finish will be considered as appropriate especially in the workshop areas and retail areas. A DIAGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONAL AREAS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS 450 The creation of inter-junctions between interior/exterior and public/private space on a variety of scales accommodates various residential activities and will facilitate spontaneous social interactions. COMMUNAL ACCOMMODATION A communal-house will be at heart of the community and will include kitchen and dining space, a TV room, a crà ¨che and a multi-use room and will be a general use gathering space for the community. The entrance area must be both enticing and sheltered and should lead to or incorporate mail and coat functions. The communal house will have direct access to the roof terrace which will provide a real microclimate for the building, providing opportunities for food production, outdoor dining and recreational activities and a space to retreat. The kitchen must easily access innovative recycling and refuse facilities and be acoustically insulated and ventilated. Tables and equipment should be easily set up and removed and there must be two general use toilets. The crà ¨che must be accessible by the public to enable appropriate income generation and be visually connected to the kitchen. There will be separate spaces for different age groups such as babies, toddlers and teenagers. Storage, toilet and changing facilities, common house security (due to public access) and exterior play space are important considerations. Guest facilities should flank the communal house and have access to its facilities whilst being separated from the workshop and retail core of the development. PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION The cooperative will include a minimum of 6060 residential units to ensure the schemes economic viability. All residential units will meet Lifetime Homes, Homes Community Agency standards in terms of size and quality and seek to achieve Sustainable Code level 4. The buildings will house at least 138 people and 10 temporary paying guests in shared bedrooms and flats. The guest bedrooms and flats will be able to adapt and merge into a 3 bed dwelling or 5 bed dormitory. There should be at least 7 studios and 15 one bed and 20 two bed flats, half of which have an adjoining workshop. Living environments should be capable of being fully integrated with work and public spaces. All dwellings will have the ability to adapt and merge and subdivide to ensure flexibility for a changing demographic and community needs. The scheme will include at least 5 two bed flats which will have the capacity to merge with one bed flats to provide three bed dwellings. Lift facilities will be provided and the buildings will be connected at strategic levels. All units must easily access laundry, recycling and refuse services and communal accommodation. They will be located on elevated stories to provide a safe and audible separation from the street. SEMI-PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION At least 24 workshops will cater for those residents who choose not to have an adjoining workshop to their property. Workshop space may be used for stone, wood and metal work and therefore must be acoustically insulated and ventilated. Natural lighting should be incorporated where possible. Ceiling heights will be higher at ground floor level than standard residential room heights and for at least 50% of the workshop units overall. Crà ¨che PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION Trading space and small live/ work units allow residents to remain local for their work and shopping. Trading/retail court/units. Large spaces for e.g. architects, department store kind of space, small stall like space OTHER The buildings should include a cellar and also be capable of vertical extension in the future. A bike park and an innovative recycling and refuse facility will be located at ground floor level. The latter will be accessible to all and in particular will be linked to the communal kitchen and workshops.. It should be secure hidden from view but accessible to collection vehicles. SCHEDULE OF MAJOR AREAS OF ACCOMMODATION ANALYSIS OF THE BRIEF 900 1076 AIMS (ARE REALISTIC/ACHIEVABLE?) 100 63 The scheme will offer quality affordable housing accommodation that embraces cohousing principles with dedicated creative business and workshop space, removing the cost of commuting and fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of the City, creating a socio-economic sustainability that can successfully foster and adapt to the changing needs of the community. A LWBC creates a balance of community and privacy, by arranging private, self-sufficient homes around a communal house with shared resources. The narrow access ways between the site components lends itself to the principles of co housing schemes. The location is within walking distance of public transport and other community essential amenities such as food shops, restaurants, places of worship and cultural attractions. Assembly of the site would if necessary involve Compulsory Planning Order by the Local Authority under well being powers. BUSINESS ENTERPRISE A range of affordable workshops of different sizes and configurations allow for people who desire a better choice of where and how to live and work. Large commercial/office space will be rented to outside business and a number of small retail outlets and a trading court can be used by the residents or again rented to local creative businesses. COMMUNITY The scheme will encourage empathy for small business and enterprise within a highly interactive urban community. Tenants will live, work via the internet, manufacture, produce and sell on site. Based on the Danish co-housing model, community interaction is maximised through mixing private living space with shared facilities in a co-house. The benefits of the community include the creation of a traditional neighbourhood within a dense urban centre with safe environments onto which the residential units front and common values. There are particular benefits for children in terms of secure play space and shared activities with their peers. The multi generational LWBC is for creative professionals (including architects, artists, jewelers, potters, music producers etc) who choose to shape their business produce, within a fluid architecture that will change shape as their living needs change, shaping an ever evolving organic inner city community. The communal living concept builds upon established demand for similar projects around the UK including projects in Stroud, Lancaster, Lewes, Dorset, Sheffield, Bradford on Avon and London with at least 15 other prospective projects. MANAGEMENT TENURE (HOW IT WORKS?) 400 563 A partner Registered Social landlord (RSL) will be sought to oversee and support the development. A mixed tenure of units is proposed which may vary depending on market conditions. Approximately 25% of units will be owner occupied with units owned outright through long term fixed leases (called leasehold enfranchisement). Mortgage funding would be sought by such purchasers. The investor therefore benefits from any increases in property value should they decide to sell. Any profit from this element of the scheme will be used to cross-subsidise the rest. Approximately 50% of units will be social rented properties subsidised by the Homes and Communities Agency (HCA) Social Housing Association Grant at 50% of development cost the rest being funded from rental income operated through a fair rent common ownership cooperative. The land and dwellings will be owned by a registered co-operative which is controlled by its members who are those who lease the properties. The build cost will be financed by mortgage loans from long term investors (such as Ecology Building Society, the Cooperative Bank or Triodos or the Local Council through Prudential Borrowing or The Homes and Communities Agency), together with grants and deposits from members some of which are effectively retainers. The remaining 25% of properties will be a form of shared ownership. The land and build cost is financed by the mortgage loans and divided into equity shares that are bought by members through monthly payments. Members will need to pay a minimum deposit equal to 10% of the equity shares they can afford to finance through their monthly payments. 5% will be paid on joining and the other 5% when land is purchased. A credit check will ensure that potential members are able to repay the mortgage debt. The number of individual shares owned depends on the build cost of the individuals home and what is affordable (these are the number of shares which are financed by 35% of net income). The value of the equity shares owned by these households must not differ by more than (+ or -) 10% of the build cost. Members therefore secure a foothold on the housing ladder at lower household incomes and the correlation to average earnings helps reduce risk and retain affordability. Similar tenure models are evident in Norway OBOS (Oslo Buildings and Savings Co-operative) providing for 214,000 members, and in Sweden HSB Riskforbund provides for 375,000. Le Corbusiers, Unite dHabitation de Reze, in Nantes also follows a highly active co-ownership principle involving private and public tenants. TYPES OF UNITS PROPOSED There will be a range of residential unit sizes. 20% studios, 40% 1 bed and 40% 2 beds of which 10% will have the capacity to adapt into 3 bed dwellings. Members can therefore move between properties as they become available and as their housing needs change (See schedule of accommodation). All of the studio units and 50% of the 1 bed dwellings will have enlarged living quarters to enable home office working. Flexible workshops spaces will also be provided between some of the residential units that can be shared or sole used by adjoining tenants. 20 separate workshops will be provided for those tenants who choose not to live directly with their work place. Retail units and large commercial office space at ground floor level which will be rented on a commercial basis on the open market. An additional guest space associated with the communal facilities is provided on a rentable easy in and out basis with an appropriate retainer. DESIGN ISSUES 1500 EXISTING PROJECTS AND THE THEMES OF THE SOLUTIONS WHICH IDENTIFY THE ARCHITECTURAL QUALITIES 600 BOXLEY STREET, SILVERTOWN, EAST LONDON, ASH SAKULA 2004 This housing scheme involved the reconsideration of housing standards and regulations for the Peabody Trust. The enlarged circulation space renamed sorting zone is the focus point for communal activity, and the kitchen are the most important parts of the dwellings. The zone is a room in itself promoting use for many different functions and the kitchen is for living, meeting, playing and cooking. The only built-in cupboards are in the zone rather than in the bedrooms. This plan reverses typical spatial priorities providing more space in areas usually designed down to a minimum. The remaining rooms are reduced to a minimum size and can be used in a variety of ways including fro bedrooms or living space. KRAFTWERK 1 STUCHELI BUNZLI COURVOISIER ARCHITEKTEN, ZURICH HARDTURMSTRASSE 287, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND 2001 200 177 An inner city site in Zà ¼rich comprises of three buildings 5-9 storeys for Kraftwerk 1 housing cooperative which promotes living, working and living and social inclusion. It has sustainable objectives and is financed by commercial loans, investments from members and state assistance. These Suiten are intended to allow different forms of communal and co-living though a variety of communal and private spaces. The building blocks feature a large variety of flat sizes, ranging from 2.5 room flats to units with up to 13 rooms and from 31 m2 to 350 m2. They range from singles and families to communal groups of independent people. The range of unit sizes is facilitated by a repetitive constructional system of cross walls, which can be knocked through at points. The cross walls are spaced at the width of a typical residential room. This dimension allows an almost infinite range of potential layouts. The units have a central circulation and service core and it is also possible to insert private internal staircases between cross walls, to create two and three storey apartments. URBAN CENTRE COHOUSING COOP CANYON, DALLAS200 58 Designed by Standard for the Dallas Urban Re:Vision competition, Coop Canyon harvests enough rainwater, solar energy, and agriculture to completely sustain its 1,000 residents. The structure resembles a terraced canyon with housing units tucked into the canyon wall. On the canyon floor, community gardens allow residents to grow produce. The design exploits natural energy resources through a central atrium space. Excellent permeability and footfall across and through the site allow for community engagement with the retail and crà ¨che facilities. A communal facility with shared cooking and laundry and recreation facilities is a key part of the scheme as with all cohousing. This is located centrally on an immediate level so is easily accessed by all. ADAPTIVE LIVING 41-75 CONSORT ROAD, PECKHAM, LONDON 200 229 (Walter Menteth Architects 2007) Clear span floor construction across the width of individual residential units means internal partitions are non-load bearing and enable considerable flexibility in layout from the outset (Schneider T 2007 p 195) (See Figure X). Spans of up to 6.5 metres require steel/concrete beam and column frame construction. Party wall block-work/masonry walls can be used as the main load-bearing structure. Fin wall construction maintains considerable flexibility.

A Woman Made a Yemeni Future

A woman made a Yemeni future The Republic of Yemen is one of the poorest countries in Arab world. Recently, Yemeni politic was rule by plain dictatorship for a long term. The economy is poor and corruptions were rampant in Yemen. Hence the Yemeni people made a decision to stand up to establish a democratic government. The Yemen uprising was up on January 2011 in Sana'a University which is in Yemen's capital. The leader of the protests was Tawakel Karman from Yemen. This essay will explain who Tawakel Karman is and why her accomplishments were recognized to the Nobel Peace Prize committee.Tawakel Karman is one of the greatest political activists in the world. She was born in 1979 in the port town of Taiz, which face with the Red Sea. She has been active  in searching for  freedom of expression  and  women rights in the Arab words. At the same time, she is a journalist and  a member of the  Al-Islah, which is  the largest  opposition party in Yemen. Tawakel and the prot esters   shouted ‘Day for rage’ among the troops and armed government officers at the seaport of  Aden  in northern  Yemen.?She is one of the three persons who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 and became the first woman from Arabia to be awarded the prize. She has  continued to regularly partake in protest  activities to  insist on  freedom of expression  and women rights  over the past five years. The Nobel Peace Prize  Committee  in Norway admired  her achievements of â€Å"seeking  full  attribution  to the society,  claiming the  safety  and rights  of women  without violence†. In the social background of the affair, there was huge discontent towards the long term dictator government in the Arab worlds.?Thus, she decided to lead not only the victims of ‘The Arab Spring’ but also all the people who deserve better human rights. Thus, Tawakel Karman’s achievements have brought great changes not just in Yemen but in many other Arabian countries too. There are three reasons why Tawakel Karman's achievements were deserving for winning the Nobel Peace Prize. First, she made contributions to improve Yemeni human rights and freedom of expressions, which were in a nonviolent way.Despite of the Yemeni dictator Saleh resorted to arms, she pressed for the improvement in social affair, which were great things. For example, she led a huge number of the Yemeni people and chanted their slogan in chorus again and again. Those incidents were broadcasted all over the world and aroused sympathy from many people. She indicated the Yemeni people's strong intensions through an interview. ‘We Yemeni people do not yield the dictator-ruled government and we want freedom in a peaceful way. ‘ Second, she insisted that the Yemeni woman should be liberated from Yemeni traditional dress codes.For example, by taking off her headdress and showing her face, she insisted that the dress code is enfo rced not by Koran, but by male-dominated Yemeni society. Her smiles were different from what we Japanese are used to have seen, she looked very confident. However, if she did not insist the importance to break away from such a bad custom, Yemeni woman still could not share their real feelings. That is to say, they would be forced to un-sensitive communication. If I were a Yemeni woman, I could not stand such a small world and might have gone insane at least.Finally, she co-founded the human rights group ‘Woman Journalists Without Chains' to make the Yemeni woman belong to all of the Yemeni society with safety. For example, she made full use of social network like a mobile phone to share her opinions and activity to the world. The Yemeni dominated social network looked like the Japanese painted textbook; General Headquarter censored and painted out the Japanese publications to hide the information, which they did not want to be known after World War 2 was ended.If I could not e xpress what I want to say, nobody would understand myself. For the each reasons I stated above are about Tawakel Karman's achievements to break away from the Yemeni social pressure in an amicable way. There is no Yemeni happiness without her achievements. Consequently, Tawakel Karman is indispensable for the Yemeni people and that is why her accomplishments were recognized the Nobel Peace Prize committee. (721words)